India’s Lodha World One To Be World’s Tallest Residential Tower

Lodha’s World One will bring India’s name in the list of some of the world re-known engineering projects as it will be the tallest residential tower in the world.

Project Details and Costing
Location- Upper Worli, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Site Area – 17.5 acre

Land Acquired from Srinivas Cotton Mills By Lodha Group for Rs 250 crore (US$40 million)

Project Cost – Rs 20 billion (US$320 million)

Expected Revenue from Sales – Rs 50 billion (US$800 million)

Architect 
Pei Cobb Freed & Partners are the architects for World One. This company has more than 200 awards for design excellence which include 24 AIA National Honor Awards.

Structural Engineer
Leslie E. Robertson Associates (LERA) are the ones doing structure designs for this project. They have vast experience in designing tall buildings as their earlier projects included the Shanghai World Financial Center, Bitexco Financial Tower, World Trade Center in New York.

Types of Flats in World One

1) World residences – These are the ones starting from level 1 to level 43 with three and four bedroom houses along with curved glass living room and wide sundecks along each room.

2) World Villas – These lavish four-bedroom flats will be from level 43 to 117 and are designed in such a way that they offer 270 degree view of the city. Other amenities include home theatre, an outdoor Jacuzzi, a private pool and wide sundecks in every room.

3) World Mansions – These are the super luxurious flats starting from 117 storeys. These houses are sprawled over two floors and offer 360-degree view of the city.

This is not for even rich, these are only for superrich as the apartment prices start from Rs 7.5 crore (US$1.2 million) and go all the way to Rs 50 crore (US$8.0 million).

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CIVIL ENGINEERING: What is Earthquake Engineering?Earthquake constru...

CIVIL ENGINEERING: What is Earthquake Engineering?
Earthquake constru...: What is Earthquake Engineering? Earthquake construction ensures that structures resist earthquake shocks by the integration of seismic...

What is Earthquake Engineering?

Earthquake construction ensures that structures resist earthquake shocks by the integration of seismic designs throughout their expected life, in conformity with the building codes applicable in the region. Earthquakes destabilize buildings either by direct effects of the seismic waves, or indirectly through soil liquefaction and landslides. Most structures fail laterally by an earthquake, meaning the the walls may fall down, or movement of the walls may cause displacement of the roofs, and result in the collapse of the structure. Therefore, to ensure safety of human life and property, earthquake-resistant techniques should be used, including the utilization of proper design and materials.

Soil Conditions

The condition of soil at the site of construction is an important factor, since the state of soil can significantly alter the motions of an earthquake. The condition of the soil should be thoroughly evaluated. Soils that consist of loose sand and gravel possess poor earthquake-resistant characteristics, and should be reinforced. Seismic waves are amplified in soils that are saturated with water, and change the form of soil from a solid to a liquid upon the occurrence of earthquakes. Such soils acquire the characteristics of quicksand and make the ground incapable of supporting a foundation due to cracks and weakening. Deep and firm soils are good since they allow only minor vibrations to be transferred from the foundation to the construction above.

Pile Foundations

Pile foundations are a structural part used for the transfer of the structure load to the solid ground located at some depth. Piles are extended and thin elements that transmit the load to a lower soil of greater bearing capability, penetrating the shallow soil. Piles can be used in earthquake construction to minimize earthquake effects, especially with soft surface soils that may easily liquefy, by resisting vertical and lateral loads. A structure is raised on piles if the soil is unstable, weak, does not possess sufficient bearing capacity, and the likely settlement is not advisable. The design of the piles should be proper, by binding the pile caps with reinforced concrete slabs that can function in tension as well as compression, so that the foundation may perform as a unit. In addition, the piles should be designed to carry axial, shear, and bending loads that may be occur because of the horizontal movements between the layers in the soil.

• Base Isolation

  Base isolation techniques are a recent development in the structural design of buildings and bridges in highly seismic regions. They function on the principles of oscillation and damping. Rubber isolation bearings are used that minimize the earthquake damage to the buildings by decoupling the building from the horizontal component of the ground movement. This is achieved by making the bearings rigid in the vertical direction and elastic in the horizontal direction. The earthquake energy is not absorbed by the base isolation techniques but is deflected due to the system. Rubber bearings can be manufactured easily, do not have any moving parts, and are not affected by time or the environment.

Sewage Treatment Plants for Buildings Sector

Fontus Water is a leading manufacturer of Sewage Treatment Plants for the industrial and building sector. With a decade old experience, Fontus Water has successfully executed over 2000 installations in industries, buildings, hotels, hospitals and SEZ’s, becoming a preferred supplier of Sewage Treatment Plants. Offering a wide range of environment friendly technological solutions, we specialize in sewage recycling and reuse. Our strong national track record and in-depth domain expertise as a water and wastewater engineering specialist are unrivalled in the region. We have the profound ability to identify, design and implement customized solutions within a tight project footprint and time frame. We specialize in:

Technologies used Sewage treatment process:

Extended aeration Activated sludge process Submerged aerobic fixed film Fluidized media Membrane bio reactor Sequential batch reactors Tertiary treatment with stage media filtration and chlorination or ultrafiltration Sludge dewatering systems Zero Discharge

Sewage treatment plant capacities:

Capacities ranging from 10-5000KLD Packaged STP systems

Sewage treatment plant highlights:

Customized technologies to suit stringent site conditions Consistent supply of treated water Low operating & maintenance cost Minimum foot print area Low power consumption Minimum use of chemicals Focus on ease of maintenance while designing Trained team for installation & after sales service Environment friendly systems Plants with parameters meeting PCB norms Overcomes factors of space and height constraints

Fontus Water advantage for STP:

Ready to use Systems Easy to Install Delivery in 7 Days Operational Support and Commissioning

Flyash Bricks

Pulverised ash brick (PAB) technology is a process of converting industrial waste materials into quality building materials. At present, the technology is well established in converting thermal power plant waste into quality bricks. PAB technology uses dry ash (fly ash collected from ESP or silos of thermal power plants); filler materials (usually coarse sand or stone crusher dust); and additives (lime, gypsum or cement). The strength of the bricks can be engineered by varying compositions. Equipment used can be manual or mechanised. Mechanised machines deploy hydraulic compaction to produce a variety of bricks and can be operated through electric or diesel power. What is ash? Pulverised coal ash (PCA) is one of the major residues generated during the combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Though PCA is a waste product for the power sector, it's used as a raw material, primarily, in construction. PCA is generally classified into three types depending upon its particle size and zone of collection. ‘FLY ASH’ is the extremely fine ash ‘flying’ along with flue gases is trapped in electro-static precipitators (ESP) and is collected. The relatively coarser ash generated at the bottom of the boilers is mixed with water, made into slurry and pumped into fill sites called ‘ash ponds’. This ash forms the bulk of the ash generated and is termed as‘POND ASH’. Depending upon the boiler design and efficiency, the ratio of fly ash to pond ash varies between 70:30 and 80:20. In some older and relatively inefficient thermal power plants, a coarser variety of ash is generated called ‘BOTTOM ASH’. This has appreciable carbon content but cannot be collected separately. This is also mixed with pond ash and pumped to ash fill sites. Scale of problem India generated 145,000 MW of power in 2008. 63% of it was from coal-based thermal power plants. During generation of the above, approximately 150 million tonne of pulverized ash was generated in 2008 alone. In India, low-ash high-grade coal is reserved for the metallurgical industry. Thermal power plants, therefore, are compelled to use high-ash low-grade coal with ash content that is often as high as 40% or more. This is the major source of generation of vast amounts of PCA. As the power requirement goes up in coming years and more power plants are built, the amount of PCA generated will increase and create more problems for safe disposal. It is estimated that by 2012, India will generate around 175 million tonnes of PCA every year. Ministry notification The Ministry of Environment and Forests (through its notification published in the Gazette of India, Part II, Section 3, sub section (ii), vide S.O. 763(E) dated 14th September, 1999) issued directives for proper utilisation of fly ash discharged from coal or lignite-based thermal power plants. The importance for restricting the excavation of top soil for manufacture of bricks and promoting the utilisation of fly ash in the manufacture of building materials and in construction activity was recognised. It was notified that within a radius of 100 km from a coal or lignite-based thermal power plant, all brick making units must compulsorily utilise 25% of fly ash (by weight) This notification was supported by the High Court of Delhi in its order dated 25th August, 1999 in Centre for Public Interest Litigation, Delhi v/s Union of India (CWP No. 2145/99). The highlights of the notification was 1. Use of fly ash, bottom ash or pond ash in the manufacture of bricks and other construction activities. a) Within a radius of 100 km from coal or lignite based thermal power plants, no person shall manufacture clay bricks,      tiles or blocks (for use in construction activities) without mixing at least 25% of ash with soil on weight basis. b) The authority for ensuring the use of specified quantity of ash shall be the concerned Regional Officer of the State Pollution      Control Board. In case of non-compliance, the authority (in addition to cancellation of consent order issued to establish the      brick kiln) shall move the district administration for cancellation of the mining lease. To enable the authority to verify the      actual use of ash, the thermal power plant shall maintain monthly records of ash made available to each brick kiln. 2. Availability of fly ash for brick making a) Every thermal power plant shall make available ash, for at least ten years without any payment or any other consideration      for the purpose of manufacturing ash-based products. b) Central and State Government Agencies, State Electricity Boards, NTPC and the management of the thermal power plants      shall facilitate in making available land, electricity and water for manufacturing activities and also provide access to the      ash lifting area. This will promote and encourage setting up of ash-based production units proximate to the area where      ash is generated by the power plant. 3. Specifications for use of ash based products a) Every construction agency engaged in the construction of buildings within a radius of 100 km from thermal power plants      shall use fly ash bricks in construction projects. It shall be the responsibility of the construction agencies (either      undertaking the construction or approving the design or both) to ensure compliance.

Eastern Freeway

The Mumbai Eastern Freeway is a 16.8 kilometer long highway designed especially for high-speed vehicular traffic constructed between Fort in South Mumbai and Eastern Express Highway in Ghatkopar.

The Eastern Freeway is being built by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority, funded by the Central Government.

The contract of this project has been given to Simplex infrastructure.

It will be completed in three phases: the first 12-km-stretch from Fort to Anik depot; the second 5-km-phase from Anik to Panjarpol; and Panjarpol to Mankhurd and then to Ghatkopar on the Eastern Express Highway.

Cost of the project:
This highly beneficial infrastructure project is slated to be made at a cost of around Rs. 8.88 billion.

Benefits of the project:
-Less travel time: The Eastern Freeway is designed to cut down travel time between Shivaji Chowk in Chembur and Mumbai CST by 25-30 minutes. 
The 20-km distance that takes around 45-60 minutes via Dr. Ambedkar Road will be covered in 20-30 minutes post freeway. The distance will also reduce by 5-6 kilometres.

-Relaxed traffic movement: After the construction of the Eastern Freeway, the traffic movement towards Navi Mumbai, Nashik, Pune, etc will experience easy movement as the traffic will be divided.

-Signal-Free stretch: The Eastern Freeway is a signal-free stretch of land that will hugely cut down travel time. It is specially designed for high-speed traffic and this feature aides the process by a great amount.

Features of the project:
-Equipped with seismic arresters: The elevated portion of the Eastern Freeway is equipped with seismic arresters that can tolerate an earthquake of up to 7.5 Reichter Scale.

-Allows movement of heavy vehicles: The Freeway is specially designed for multi-axle vehicles.

-Equipped with steel crash barriers: These have been installed to stop vehicles from going into the opposite lanes during the time of accidents.

-Twin tunnels: This project will consist of constructing two 500 m long tunnels at the start of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) mountain.  
 

Santacruz - Chembur Link Road

The north-south commute in the city has been given a lot of importance, since the city of Mumbai is geographically vertical.

The Santacruz - Chembur Link Road aims at improving the east-west connectivity of the city. 
It is a 6.45 kilometre long road running from  Dr. Hans Bhugra junction in Santacruz East and running to the East skirting Vidyanagari Campus (Mumbai University at Kalina) on its south and meeting Lal Bahadur Shastri (LBS) Marg after crossing Meethi River Bridge.

It is a six-lane road and also consists of India's first double decker flyover.

The project is being implemented by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA).

Cost of the project:
SCLR is under the World Bank-funded Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP) and is being constructed at a cost of Rs. 435 crore.

Benefits of the project:
-Reduced travel time: Presently, commuters heading towards Navi Mumbai from the Western Suburbs have to take the Jogeshwari-Vikhroli Link Road, the Andheri-Kurla Road or take a detour from Sion. This traveling can take from 90 minutes up to 2 hours. After the Santacruz-Chembur Link Road is built, it will reduce the travel time to only 17 minutes.

-Better connectivity: The Eastern and Western Express Highways, which are busy routes for commercial road transport, will better connected after the construction of this link road.

Features of the project: 
-Double decker flyover: The project consist of a double decker flyover with one arm extending to Tilak Nagar Terminus for commuters travelling towards North and South, another to LBS Marg in Kurla West and another to Nehru Nagar in Kurla East.

The construction of Santacruz - Chembur Sea Link is likely to be completed by the end of 2013.

 Sahar Elevated Access Road

Sahar Elevated Access Road is an elevated road that connects the Western Express Highway to the Terminal T2 of Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport. It is under construction in Mumbai and is undertaken by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority. 

It is a 3.3 km long access road and includes an underpass for vehicles on the Western Express Highway, a pedestrian subway, underpasses, a tunnel and ramps connecting the highway to the terminal.

The access road has has 4 entry points and 2 exit points.

Cost of the project:
The entire project will cost Rs. 570 crore and will be funded by the Central Government, the government of Maharashtra, the MMRDA and Mumbai International Airport Limited.

Benefits of the project:
-Easy commute: Travellers who have to reach the T2 terminal of the Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport face a lot of congestion as they cross the roads of Andheri. This road eases commute, leading them directly to the T2 terminal from the Western Express Highway.

Features of the project:
-Adjoining tunnel: The project includes a 98-metre-long (322 ft) tunnel which will be built at the junction of the corridor.

The work on Sahar Elevated Road has been delayed by a year is now expected to open to the public by the end of 2013.